实拍中国最大的客家围屋，主人靠贩卖木材起家，建造的地主大院固若金汤，200多年从未被攻破

实拍中国最大的客家围屋，主人靠贩卖木材起家，建造的地主大院固若金汤，200多年从未被攻破

Hello, I’m Qiu Ping. I am now in Ganzhou, Jiangxi. Everyone knows that my hometown is Jiangxi. But in the past two years, there are fewer tourists in Jiangxi. Mainly in the north or northwest. Especially this year I stayed in Shanxi for a long time. I saw many ancient villages and courtyards.

Especially those Shanxi merchants’ courtyards. Built magnificently Very spectacular Representative Wang Family Courtyard I went to see Qiao’s courtyard. That’s actually There are also many courtyards in Jiangxi. Probably not as many as in Shanxi. But like those official residences in Jiangxi. It must be more than Shanxi.

Today we came to Ganzhou to see an enclosed house. As soon as you hear about the enclosure, you should be impressed. This is the Hakka enclosed house. Our country has vast territory and abundant resources. There are many ancient houses and courtyards. But it can be roughly divided into these categories.

Courtyard houses in Beijing Cave Dwelling in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China Ancient Dwelling Houses in Anhui We often talk about Hui-style architecture. And Tulou in Fujian. There is also the Hakka enclosed house we are looking at today. It can also be called Hakka Tulou.

What we are going to see today is called Kansai Wai. It was built in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. It didn’t end until the Daoguang years. Built for 29 years. Nearly 30 years Let’s take a look at the front. It has a very high courtyard wall.

Just like the castles we always see. In fact, the enclosed houses are basically like this. Outside is a high courtyard wall. And then inside are the buildings. Just like us in the northwest. And that Shanxi Some of the courtyards seen are the same. It’s just in those Shanxi merchants’ courtyards in Shanxi.

They are generally quadrangles And here is an enclosed. Wait a minute. Let’s see. Will there be a quadrangle layout inside? In the four corners of the compound. And the turret It can be called an artillery tower here. Enclose the house. Enclose the house. What is the enclosure? It must be about safety.

Ganzhou Ganzhou is a mountainous area. There are many mountains The traffic was not very convenient in the past. When the feudal society was not very stable There will be a lot of bandits here to rob the house. So at the time Everyone should protect their property from loss.

Then the house must be built. Has a defensive function In this way, the birth of the enclosure was born. Because we look like an enclosure. It’s a castle. Then the bandits can be well protected when they come. One more thing The Hakka people belong to the southward migration of the Central Plains.

Migrated from the north. So there must have been some people living here before. What we often call the aborigines So you want people from other places to live here? Will certainly be generally excluded. Locals may not be welcome. Because in feudal society So much land.

If you come, you may squeeze my living space. So they might have it from time to time The birth of a struggle At that time, in the feudal society, Especially in this kind of mountain. Life must be a family life. Otherwise, one or two families can’t survive. Then the same

They settle down for a better life. Must also build such an enclosure to protect themselves. There are so many reasons. It gave birth to the enclosure. The enclosure we’re looking at. Basically in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In fact, this kind of castle-like building enclosure

It can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was called Tungsten Fort in the Han Dynasty. It’s also a family gathering. Living in a castle. In a compound These all come down in one continuous line. Because of these Hakka They all migrated from the Central Plains.

Culture has also been handed down for thousands of years. This house was built in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Before the construction Their family already has an enclosure. Then the old one was called the old enclosure. This enclosed house is also a family.

He has a certain amount of property in his business. The construction of a new enclosure It’s like a separation. It was like this in feudal society. We are the same now. Their family had a house to live in at first. Later, the conditions were good. It’s independent. A house was rebuilt.

We saw a lot in Shanxi. This Kansai Xinwei It’s in Longnan, Ganzhou, Jiangxi. It was built in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. A.D. 1798 It was completed in 1827 It was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous squire at that time. Call it Xu Laosi

Maybe it has something to do with his ranking of the fourth. Covering an area of 7,426 square meters GFA up to 11,400 sqm It’s a very big enclosure. We can also call it a compound. The total size of houses is 282.

It is divided into lower hall, front hall, middle hall and upper hall. It integrates the three functions of Jiaci Fort. It is divided into three areas. Defensive area, living area, entertainment area Inside is a winding path leading to a secluded spot Carved beams and painted pillars

Kansai Xinwei is an enclosed house discovered at home and abroad. Best preserved and most functional It is also the largest enclosure. It is known as the ancient Roman castle of the East. This is an artillery tower in the front of the enclosure. Also known as a turret There are four in all.

If we stand down here and watch. There are many holes in the whole enclosure. There is the plum blossom hole Square and irregular. Let’s introduce it in detail. Especially those quincunx holes. In fact, it is a plum blossom gun hole. Because he built this building. It’s for defense. It’s manned at all times.

If they are attacked by bandits. They’re shooting from that plum blossom eye. The bigger one up there. It’s the lookout hole so you can see outside. The most interesting one is the following one. It’s obvious to everyone. Small inside and big outside This also belongs to the shooting hole.

Then it can be understood in this way. Those plum blossom holes on the top It’s the enemy of the camera from a distance. For example, he is outside this square. Like a charge. You can shoot with the club. If the enemy attacks under this wall, The guards inside.

You can pass through this shooting hole which is wide outside and narrow inside. Strike at the invading enemy Because if you design it this way, Weapons can change direction. You can hit the perimeter. This design is quite ingenious. The outer wall of the enclosure is 10 meters high and 0.8 meters thick.

Use yellow mud, fine sand, lime and copper oil Pebbles, glutinous rice pulp, brown sugar water, etc. After 29 years of ramming. Anyway, I read the information that it is the courtyard wall. I don’t know if it’s true or not Anyway, there is such a saying.

It can be seen that the courtyard wall has a sense of hierarchy. After the first year of construction. When it’s completely dry. Build a second floor. This is just like watching the Great Wall in the northwest. The rammed earth is built layer by layer.

Now I’m going to have a look at the courtyard. The front is its gate. This gate is different from what we usually see. We usually say that the gate is in the middle. And he’s not in the corner. It’s right next to the artillery tower.

There are two gates in the whole compound, east and west. The structure of his house It’s also a little different from what we’ve seen. He is facing north But the gate opens in the east and west directions. Isn’t that interesting? Why was a gate built on the east side?

We often say that the purple gas comes from the east. And he’s this gate. It is generally not open. Only people of higher status. To get in and out of here. Usually when they go in and out of the house. It’s at the west gate. Although he usually doesn’t open the East Gate.

But his architecture is really extraordinary. Distinctive and characteristic There are many mysteries This East Gate is also called the Triple Gate. The first floor is the ironclad door. You see, as soon as we get here, He can see the door. Surrounded by these iron sheets. This is the ironclad door.

It’s probably wood on the inside and iron on the outside. This is the first armor of the East Gate. Invulnerable The second floor is the pillar door. You may not see it now But you can see a lot of bolts here. There are five holes here. It is equivalent to five roots.

A cork about 10 centimeters in diameter. Behind this gate. Basically, it is used to deal with jacks. With this protection. No matter how powerful the bandits are, they may not be able to get in. The third floor is the last line of defense of the East Gate. It’s called a Jack gate.

To prevent a fire attack. Where Do you see it on this? This is a little bit like what we did before. Some of the walls are the same as the Jack gate. And here in this enclosure. The Jack is used. It is mainly used for fire protection. And there’s a drip above.

Isn’t the design very clever? You could say that Once the whole East Gate is closed, The whole enclosure It can be said to be isolated from the world. I’m afraid it’s hard to break the door. This is not the only gate at the East Gate. There’s an ear room next to it.

It is equivalent to what we call the security guard on duty. Observe this situation at any time and anywhere. Usually, someone must be on duty. If someone knocks at the door He’s going to look at these holes next to it To find out who’s here. Let’s take a closer look after this door.

There’s a way through all of this. Each one has a step. The layers are high This is their moral. Whether he is a businessman or an official in his family. They all have to go up layer by layer. This is the moral of expensive. So come in at the east gate.

It is equivalent to rubbing the noble spirit of this family. Here is another door. It’s the place where we just said the layers are high. You see, I have to take the steps to go up now. The whole compound is a big enclosure and a small enclosure. This is called the Inner Corridor.

This is a wall. Actually, the one outside is the courtyard wall we are talking about. There is a passage between the largest one and this one. It’s equivalent to putting this around. And then this side put this on again.

So it is said to be a zigzag pattern when it is surrounded by layers. And you see a lot of pebbles under this. This is the difference between north and south. The north is dry This place in the south is very humid. There is a lot of rain in the mountainous area of

So it’s here It’s equivalent to the one used for drainage. If you were a slate. Often the water is very slippery. It’s avoided here. There is also a saying that there are many pebbles. It means more children, more happiness. I also hope that the descendants of their family. More and more

That’s where we just came in. You can see It’s surrounded by a wall again. There are also outside He is the courtyard wall. It’s also a two-story house. That is, there are people on duty at any time and anywhere. I saw the cloister and the corridor.

Let’s continue to take a look at this side. There’s a pool here. This is easy to understand. It’s the family’s fire water. Because the whole enclosure is a civil structure. This fire fighting is very critical. I got a pool here. Let’s keep going. Do you see a gate here?

We saw a lot of yamen before. The second gate is generally called the instrument gate. The same is true here. Xu Shan Shide Because of their family. He started out in business. After this big house was built in the back. Someone won the Juren. It seems to be two people.

In that case, their family Let’s talk about the folk houses. That is, ordinary businessmen have changed to officials. The most important thing we can see. This door is a little different. It’s different from what we usually see. So it looks like a circle closed up. This represents the sun.

If you open it, it becomes two moons. It’s called the Moon Gate. It means that the sun and the moon shine together. Isn’t this interesting? So here It can be called Guanda Because his family has become an official family. Let’s push this door open and go in now. After coming in

This is a big space. There are houses next to it This is the most important part of their family. The ones in the middle of the hall we’re talking about. There are two names here. One is called bleachery. Popularly speaking, it is called drying things. There is also a saying called Paomaping.

This side is the screen wall. How many trees are there in this one? It is a locust tree and a laurel tree. Drying clothes in this square. I listened to the guide. Descendants of the Xu family still live in this enclosed house. This screen wall Used to be golden walls.

There’s nothing in the back The role of the screen wall is here. One is what we often call Feng Shui. The other is because it is a golden wall. The sun shines down Can be reflected into the pond. This curtained house Including the ancestral temples inside, they all face north.

Generally, we build buildings facing south. Or sit west to east. What he’s saying here is. The Hakka people belong to the southward migration of the Central Plains. If you face north, you will see your former hometown in the distance. We often say that the native land is hard to leave.

Now let’s take a look at his family. The core place. Their ancestral temple This appearance looks relatively simple. But the inside is also said to be extraordinary. The ancestral temple is regarded by the Hakka people as a holy temple of enclosed houses. It is the highest grade in Hakka enclosed houses.

The most ornate body of the building The gate of the ancestral temple faces north. At that door There are two majestic lions. We usually say that the lion is outside the gate. And here it is in the enclosure. This is also different from others. Let’s look at the lion now.

Generally, the lion on the left of the gate is the male lion. Respect the left Generally, we say that the male lion is stepping on the hydrangea ball. And here let’s take a closer look. It’s not Hydrangea. It’s a square. This is called Shi Guan Yin

It is the same moral as the official seal in ancient times. If one of the descendants of the family becomes an official, Must go straight to the top and have a prosperous career There is another interesting one here in the lion. It’s in the mouth.

There is a wishful bead that can be turned. But you can’t take it out. Why is it called Ruyizhu? We often say that all goes well. Wealth rolls in. That’s what it means. Can you see it? You see, it’s very round. People often touch it. Just tell us to touch our heads.

Don’t worry about anything Here’s a roll. This Ruyizhu is rolling in money. It’s all a beautiful moral. The base of this lion also has many carvings. I can see that this is a scroll. We say a scholarly family. It means someone in their family. Be able to read Get ahead

On the side here. It’s an arrow. That is to say, we should be able to be both civil and military. Advocate culture and martial arts You don’t just want to read. And keep the family property. It requires a certain ability. Just like our court, we need civil officials and military officers.

On the other side are copper coins. This means that you can be both civil and military. The family still has property Only in this way can the family be passed on. Books, bows and arrows, and ancient money are the three treasures of men. This is mainly about men.

And the lioness next to it. It’s about women. Because of a family tradition. Men and women are indispensable. And there has been such a saying in the past. Men work outside and women work inside. It is a man who fights for the world outside. At home

It is a woman who looks after her husband and teaches her children. And it’s the woman who runs the family. You see, the emperor has a queen. The whole harem is decided by the queen. The lioness we usually see. It usually steps on a small lion.

And here is the lion cub on the body. Under it is a gold ingot. Financial power in hand As we just said, men work outside and women work inside. The daily words of this family Is in the charge of his mistress. In particular, we can see this lioness.

She seems a little affectionate here. Looking at the lion next to him. Often pay attention to the unity of husband and wife, that’s what I said. How many cubs are there on the lioness? This is a symbol of family prosperity. There are also carvings under this. Let’s see what’s here.

Is it a fan? This side shows a bronze mirror. Because women have to dress up. She has to dress up in the morning. You have to have a mirror. Next to it is a comb. This is all very well understood. It’s all for dressing up. We’ll come after seeing the comb.

Take a look inside this ancestral temple. This is the gate of the ancestral temple. The most interesting thing on it is two plaques. Now let’s take a look at Lian Deng Ke Jia. The two grandsons of Xu Laosi are both high school Juren.

They are Wu Juren and Wen Juren, one Wen and one Wu. Thus it is called Lian Deng In ancient times, it was the continuous lamp subject that entered the list. What is written on this vertical plaque is to appreciate the blue plume.

It is said that it was the time when the Wujuren returned to his hometown to visit relatives. Because there are many bandits in Longnan. Thieves and bandits come and go. He often catches bandits. Thus delaying the time to report on his work in Beijing. The emperor bestowed this plaque on him.

Give him the right to act first and report later. Further inside, there are Jinshi. That means his family There are also people who won the Jinshi. This was in the year of Daoguang in 1928. What we see in many places is the drum stone.

But his family identity may not be up to it. It’s the door pillow stone The carving here is also very interesting. In particular, what does this look like to everyone? The head of a monkey The body of a horse Monkey head and horse body The moral is to seal the Marquis immediately.

And on the left, it’s different. Everyone should see this very clearly. Like the head of a sheep Connected together is to seal the Marquis and worship the prime minister. Up ahead, this is the front hall. It is said that Xu Laosi built this enclosed house. It’s an imitation of a palace.

If we have seen some documentaries. I really found that kind of palace. It is also the same symmetry as the square is positive. He’s a little bit similar here. Do you see the left and right sides? There’s the circular arch with the room inside. So it’s called the inner living room here.

There is another saying called Chaofang. Also known as the left and right prime minister room If you go to court. Like the prime minister, you can rest beside him. Wait until it’s almost time to go to the formal place and stand in court. What he means here is the same.

In fact, I hope my family can produce talents. It was even said that he had just said that he had been granted the title of Marquis and worshipped the prime minister The identity is completely different. Keep walking and you’ll see a patio. Behind the patio is the central hall.

It is equivalent to connecting the front hall and the central hall. Generally in the eyes of Hakka people Patio is a symbol of Feng Shui. There is a saying that The wind is at the top of the patio. Water is at the lower end of the patio.

So the patio combines the magic of wind and water. It’s just up and down. We’ve seen a lot of this patio. Basically, it’s all in the compound. Next to this nave. And two rectangular stools. This is called the horse drum stool. Also known as a longevity stool

It is dedicated to the senior people in the courtyard. Older people sit. This longevity stool was also built in that year. One of the master carpenter’s tools. So his age. It’s probably longer than the enclosure. It is indeed a long life That means more than 200 years.

There are still some marks on it. Look, this should be a knife. Or an axe or something. Because the woodworker might have been here at the time. There are marks when you whittle wood. After coming over, it’s the upper hall. It’s easy to understand. A place for ancestor worship and deliberation

There is another interesting one here. Generally speaking, we say that the ancestral temple is independent. Uninhabited And he is the ancestral temple of the Xu family. On both sides are the wing rooms. On either side of this upper hall. There are 12 rooms. It’s for the family to live in. Isn’t this interesting?

It is also relatively rare. I don’t know if the enclosed houses in other places are like this. Because the enclosure I saw This should be the second one. For the enclosure as a whole There is no understanding like the northern compound. I found something here. You want to go through this door.

End at that door. It should be regarded as a courtyard. It’s also a family. Why do you say that? Because we’ve seen other compounds before. He said, for example, that the master had built the house. He has two children. His two children must have offspring. Then naturally it becomes.

The first line of long rooms Two rooms and one series That must be separated. For example, the hall. The east side is the long room. The west side is the second room. It looks like there is the bedroom of the eldest son here. There’s someone else’s bedroom next to it. That’s the difference.

Upon entering the house It feels cold. I think it’s cold to sleep here in winter. Because this kind of house is deep in the courtyard. Whether it’s southern or northern. It doesn’t have good lighting inside. And there was no electric light before. Appear a little darker.

You see here, the window is open now. It’s still so dark. If the window is closed, it will be even worse. You can wear any dress in that hall. But now I enter this room. You have to add a coat, because otherwise it will be cold.

It’s like we’re walking into an underground cave. This kind of bed is relatively rare now. Everyone is usually in the scenic spot. Or somewhere else. You don’t use this kind of bed at home. It’s all wooden. Basically, there are no nails. And then this hanger hangs the clothes here.

It’s all for showing us. This dress Did you see it carefully? It’s one of those robes. It’s totally different from what we are now. Almost everyone doesn’t wear this kind of clothes. Look what’s behind it. It’s also a bedroom. Two bedrooms in a row. Go to the back I saw another courtyard wall.

Those two bedrooms. One of the eldest sons in their family. Where the second son lives It’s all introduced above. The house in the middle It’s equivalent to their family. The main room of one’s own home To discuss things Take a look inside There is a lot of furniture.

That’s what’s particularly interesting to see here. Kids used to rest. You look like this. We’ve seen this in other places. In particular, the former residence of Jigong was introduced. This is the cradle The child is lying in it. Then the wet nurse or his mother is sitting next to him. Humming and singing

The child went to sleep with a shake. Not the one next to it. Lying directly on it. Because the baby can’t be held there all the time. What’s this for? Is this for children to take a bath? I’m not sure. Like a lot of things in here.

It’s all old stuff. I can see that. And this stool is common. A little shorter than the stools we often sit on. The table is also a little lower. This is probably for a child to sit on. Go ahead It’s the main room we just talked about.

Their family is here to discuss things. The elders are sitting there. And then some of his kids are here. Basically, every courtyard has this layout. Let’s go further. This place has become a big courtyard again. I don’t know who lives there. It’s similar to the hall we just saw.

Then it’s probably a family, too. Each of his courtyards has two front and back rooms. In the middle is the main room There used to be a lot of carving here. Especially above the doors and windows. Some of them have been destroyed. Here’s one of the originals. For over 200 years.

Let’s take a look. What is this The book means peace. This is a gourd We’re talking about fortune. Fortune has arrived. There is a vase in the middle. There are lotus flowers on it. And then this is three weapons. It’s an ancient weapon. Then the combination is three levels in a row.

It’s the same as what we mean by climbing step by step. These were destroyed. It’s really a pity. Just say this compound. The building is relatively large. Magnificent But the overall feeling It’s definitely not as beautiful as the Shanxi Merchants’ Courtyard. Because the strength and financial resources are certainly not comparable.

We saw those royal courtyards in Shanxi. The same as Qiao’s courtyard. The decoration is really magnificent. But this is a mansion. This is what a real rich and powerful family looks like. Keep going. There is a place called Tuku here. Come out of the wing Turned into a cloister again.

You can see the houses here. It’s a little different from what we just saw. It has two floors. This row of houses runs through the whole enclosure. It’s called Tuku here. It’s the highest place in the family. It’s also the equivalent of a warehouse. Is this a bit like a hotel room?

There are some traditional things in it. You look like a tofu grinder here. This way is to the west gate. And his master. Xu Laosi lives in the west wing. Close to the west gate See what his master’s bedroom looks like. This is the owner of this enclosure. A living place

It’s the same as what we just saw elsewhere. On either side are rooms In the middle is the hall, the hall and so on. So this master Xu Laosi It’s probably here every morning. Greetings to his children and grandchildren. Let’s take a look at the room. This room

It feels more luxurious and bigger than what we just saw. The room we saw just now is relatively small. And here it feels like he just expanded it. Obviously, the grade has been raised. Just say it was done back there. But I guess in his time It must be more magnificent.

It’s a two-tier structure. This bed is very beautiful. Don’t know the layout at that time. Is there any difference with the current layout? But you can think about it. The former squire landlord. This is what he lives in. Probably a lot of bedrooms Not as big as we are now.

Because in the past, it was important not to let the gas out. So the room is quite small. Even the bedroom where the emperor lives is not too big. It’s placed here in the back for him to wash. I don’t know if it was before.

I guess it’s probably the servant girl who served him. Live here. Do you think it is possible? The next door can be called the main room. Call it a hall. Every day Xu Laosi will definitely sit here for a while. Next to the hall is his study. I used to read books here.

At that time, Xu Laosi should be working here. Or learning If you go this way, there is another courtyard. Xu Laosi’s wives live here. Primarily the side chambers I don’t know if his first wife is with Xu Laosi lives together. This is the Zhang family in Suzhou.

People from Suzhou married here far away. This room is larger than the one at the back. This is where his concubine lives. Xu Laosi’s home is in Gannan. And his side room is from Suzhou. Why is it so far away from Yangzhou people? This is due to

Xu Laosi’s family is in the timber business. At a young age Xu Laosi transported some wood to a distant place. He was transported by water. When we arrived near Jiujiang, we encountered big waves. All the wood was lost. They themselves become penniless. The two women he met later relieved him.

These two women should be regarded as prostitutes at that time. After Xu Laosi got their relief. It wasn’t long before he started again. At this time, to repay a debt of gratitude. He used eight to lift the big sedan chair. Married the two women home.

Finally, we stayed together for a lifetime in Kansai Wai. There is a table next to the bed. It should be the place where this person made up at that time. And a lot of jewelry boxes. Look. This should be very rare for everyone. This is a traditional wooden structure. It’s rare now.

It can be opened We’re almost done shopping inside. Now go out through the west gate. Its gate is built in the same way as the East Gate. But its function is different. It’s also called the back door here. It’s the way in and out on horseback.

Members of his family come in and out of here. The East Gate is generally not open. Then it is called Xiaohuazhou from this side. It’s like a garden in their house. Very spacious It looks like it’s bare now. There is nothing Over 200 years ago. There are many flowers and trees here.

People in their family. Usually sometimes here for leisure and entertainment. We can almost see the enclosure here. Because it’s bigger as a whole. We can only see part of it. You will have a question. Has this enclosure ever been attacked? Yes, there is It is not long since the enclosure was built.

He was attacked. Everyone knows that in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, There was a Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement. They started in Guangxi. Then Ganzhou, Guangdong Many areas in the south are affected. The situation is more delicate There was a force at that time. About 20,000 people came to southern Jiangxi.

They looked for wealth everywhere. Then these squires and big landlords will not let them go. Just got here and they found out There is a huge enclosure, a huge castle. They guessed that there might be a lot of wealth in it. So they attacked the enclosure. And the result is

They fought for a week without success. Eventually, they felt We can’t waste time here. I went somewhere else. You can say that. This enclosure It has not been breached head-on by the enemy since it was built. The real meaning can be called impregnable. Only in this way can it be preserved forever.

There are still the rear wheels of the Xu family living here. Then we can see the enclosure here. Thank you very much I’ll see you in the next video.

都说山西的大院多，其实在江西也有众多的地主大院，特别是赣州地区的客家围屋很有特色，和我们平时看到的地主大院区别很大，今天探访的是中国目前最大的客家围屋，建筑面积11000多平方米，是主人花费了29年建造的，可以说固若金汤，200多年从未被攻破

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